Examples of Scientific Narrative Reviews in Physical Therapy
- Develop a Focused Question
- Telescopic the Literature
- Refine & Expand the Search
- Limit the Results
- Download Citations
- Abstract & Clarify
- Create Menses Diagram
- Synthesize & Written report Results
ane. Develop a FocusedQuestion
Consider the PICO Format: Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Result
Focus on defining the Population or Problem and Intervention (don't narrow by Comparison or Effect merely yet!)
Example:
"What are the effects of the Pilates method for patients with low back pain?"
Tools & Additional Resources:
- PICO Question Help
- Templates & Definitions for Types of PICO Questions
- Stillwell, Susan B., DNP, RN, CNE; Fineout-Overholt, Ellen, PhD, RN, FNAP, FAAN; Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek, PhD, RN, CPNP/PMHNP, FNAP, FAAN; Williamson, Kathleen Chiliad., PhD, RN Evidence-Based Practice, Stride by Step: Asking the Clinical Question, AJN The American Journal of Nursing: March 2010 - Volume 110 - Event three - p 58-61 doi: x.1097/01.NAJ.0000368959.11129.79
two. Telescopic the Literature
A "scoping search" investigates the breadth and/or depth of the initial question or may identify a gap in the literature.
Eligible studies may exist located by searching in:
- Background sources (books, POC tools)
- Article databases
- Trial registries
- Grey literature
- Cited reference searching
- Reference lists
When searching, if possible, translate terms to controlled vocabulary of the database. Use text word searching when necessary.
Use Boolean operators to connect search terms:
- Combine separate concepts with AND(resulting in a narrower search)
- Connecting synonyms with OR(resulting in an expanded search)
Example:
Search:pilates AND ("low back pain"ORbackache)
Tools & Additional Resource:
Download a Boolean worksheet (PDF)
3. Refine & Expand Your Search
Expand your search strategy with synonymous search terms harvested from:
- database thesauri
- reference lists
- relevant studies
Example:
(pilates OR practise motion techniques) AND ("low dorsum pain" OR backache* OR sciatica OR lumbago OR spondylosis)
Tools & Boosted Resources:
As you develop a final, reproducible strategy for each database, salve your strategies in a:
- a personal database business relationship (e.k., MyNCBI for PubMed)
- A spreadsheet or give-and-take document
- NYU Libraries Literature Search Template
- Log in with your NYU credentials
- Open and "Make a Copy" to create your ain tracker for your literature search strategies
- NYU Libraries Literature Search Template
4. Limit Your Results
Use database filters to limit your results based on your defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. In addition to relying on the databases' chiselled filters, y'all may as well demand to manually screen results.
Example:
- Limit to Commodity blazon, e.1000.,: "randomized controlled trial" OR multicenter study
- Limit past publication years, age groups, language, etc.
NOTE: Many databases allow you to filter to "Full Text Only". This filter isnot recommended. It excludes articles if their full text is non available in that item database (CINAHL, PubMed, etc), but if the commodity is relevant, information technology is important that you are able to read its championship and abstract, regardless of 'full text' condition. The total text is likely to be accessible through another source (a different database, or Interlibrary Loan).
Tools & Boosted Resources:
- Filters in PubMed
- CINAHL Advanced Searching Tutorial
5. Download Citations
Selected citations and/or entire sets of search results can be downloaded from the database into a commendation management tool. If you are conducting a systematic review that will require reporting co-ordinate to PRISMA standards, a citation manager tin can help you lot keep rail of the number of articles that came from each database, as well as the number of duplicate records.
Example:
In Zotero, you tin create a Collection for the combined results set, and sub-collections for the results from each database you search. You tin can and then use Zotero's 'Duplicate Items" function to notice and merge duplicate records.
Tools & Additional Resource:
- Commendation Managers - General Guide
- Guides for Specific Tools:
- Zotero
- EndNote
- RefWorks
half dozen. Abstract and Analyze
- Migrate citations to data drove/extraction tool
- Screen Title/Abstracts for inclusion/exclusion
- Screen and appraise total text for relevance, methods,
- Resolve disagreements past consensus
Example:
Covidence is a web-based tool that enables you to work with a team to screen titles/abstracts and total text for inclusion in your review, as well as excerpt data from the included studies.
Tools & Additional Resource:
- Covidence
- Covidence Support
- Critical Appraisal Tools
- Data Extraction Tools
7. Create Flow Diagram
The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) menstruum diagram is a visual representation of the flow of records through dissimilar phases of a systematic review. It depicts the number of records identified, included and excluded. It is best used in conjunction with the PRISMA checklist.
Example:
Case from Navarra, A.-M. D., Gwadz, M. V., Whittemore, R., Bakken, Due south. R., Cleland, C. M., Burleson, W., … Melkus, G. D. (2017). Health Technology-Enabled Interventions for Adherence Back up and Retention in Intendance Among U.s. HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults: An Integrative Review. AIDS and Beliefs. https://doi.org/x.1007/s10461-017-1867-6
Tools & Additional Resources:
- PRISMA Catamenia Diagram Generator (Theta Collaborative, U Toronto)
- PRISMA Diagram Templates (Discussion and PDF)
- Editable PRISMA Diagram - NYU Libraries (Google Cartoon)
- Log in with your NYU credentials
- Make a copy of the file to fill out the template
- Image can be downloaded as PDF, PNG, JPG, or SVG
- Covidence generates a PRISMA diagram that is automatically updated as records movement through the review phases
viii. Synthesize & Report Results
There are a number of reporting guideline bachelor to guide the synthesis and reporting of results in systematic literature reviews.
Example:
It is mutual to organize findings in a matrix, also known as a Table of Testify (ToE).
Tools & Additional Resource:
- Reporting Guidelines for Systematic Reviews
- Download a sample template of a wellness sciences review matrix (MS Excel)
Steps modified from:
Melt, D. A., & West, C. P. (2012). Conducting systematic reviews in medical education: a stepwise approach.Medical Pedagogy, 46(10), 943–952.
Source: https://guides.nyu.edu/pt/reviews
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