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HMI (Human Car Interface) Guide

• What is an HMI?
• How Does an HMI Work?
• History of the HMI
• Advantages of an HMI
• Basic Types of HMIs
• Properties of an HMI
• How to Select an HMI
• Environmental Considerations for an HMI
• Which HMI Programming Software to Cull
• Wiring an HMI
• HMI and PLC
• HMI/PLC Philharmonic Units
• HMI Applications
• HMI Troubleshooting
• HMI Glossary

What is an HMI?

Kinco HMIs

"HMI" stands for Human Auto Interface. These devices are also known as Human Machine Interface (MMI), Operator Interface Terminal (OIT), Local Operator Interface (LOI), Operator Terminal (OT), just for the purposes of this guide we will refer to them as HMIs.

An HMI is exactly what the name implies: a graphical interface that allows homo users to collaborate with a system'south mechanism. As technology develops, HMIs are becoming more abundant in everyday tasks for consumers. Gas station pumps, cocky-service kiosks, ATM machines, and cocky checkout lines all use HMIs to process user inputs, convert them to auto readable code, and perform tasks without the need for an bellboy, teller, or other employee. In the context of manufacturing and process command systems, an HMI provides a visual representation of the control system, and provides real time data acquisition. An HMI tin increment productivity by providing a centralized brandish of the control process that is extremely convenient.

In manufacturing lines, HMIs take can monitor and command processes exterior of a Primal Processing Unit (CPU), and may be equipped with data recipes, consequence logging, video feed, and outcome triggering, so that users can update arrangement processes without irresolute any of the hardware. For a manufacturing line to be integrated with an HMI, it must outset be working with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) which acts as the CPU. The PLC takes the information from inputs (physical sensors or commands from the HMI) and transforms information technology to processes for manufacturing. While these inputs and processes are being performed, the HMI provides a display of received inputs, control process outputs, and defined user variables being leveraged to perform the tasks.

HMI System Diagram

How Does an HMI Work?

HMIs are typically used in conjunction with a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to monitor and control processes in an automated system. In general terms, the HMI allows the user to communicate with the PLC via a graphical interface (typically a touchscreen). This interface allows commands to be given, and also receives and translates feedback data from the PLC, which is then presented in an easily accessible visualization on the screen. This provides the operator with much-needed flexibility and control over a given system. An excellent example of a common HMI would exist a tablet or smartphone, which have built-in touchscreens that allow users to interact directly with the motorcar'southward programming.

History of the HMI

HMI products were originally designed to meet the need for easily operational machinery, while producing optimal outputs. Predecessors of the HMI include the Batch Interface (1945-1968), Command-Line User Interface (1969-Present), and the Graphical User Interface (1981-Present).

Punch-cards perforated with prearranged code are inserted into the batch machine and calculated.

The Batch Interface was a non-interactive user interface, where the user specified the details to the batch process in accelerate, and received the output when all the processing was done. This batch procedure did not allow for boosted input once the process has begun, making them much less active than HMIs used in modern manufacturing lines.

The Command-Line Interface was a machinery that interacted with a computer operating system or software past typing commands to perform specific tasks. The concept of the Control-Line interface originated when teletypewriter machines were connected to computers in the 1950s, and offered results on demand; this feature was ultimately the downfall of Batch Interface, which was unable to deliver results on demand. A basic example of Command-Line Interface would be windows Deejay Operating Arrangement "DOS" which dominated the 1980'due south.

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Over time, interfaces became increasingly circuitous and easier to apply. One such interface would be the Graphical User Interface (GUI), which allows people to interact with programs in a more visual manner, such as via symbols on bear on screens rather than text commands.

The mod HMI stems directly from the Graphical User Interface, and comes from the need to control and operate machinery much more finer. Human Automobile Interfaces, formerly known equally Man Machine Interfaces, are now leading the style in the control of manufacturing processes equally extremely user-friendly devices.

Advantages of an HMI

The greatest advantage of an HMI is the user-friendliness of the graphical interface. The graphical interface contains color coding that allows for easy identification (for example: red for trouble), likewise equally pictures and icons which allow for fast recognition, easing the issues of language barriers.

Considering HMIs increment system efficiency, they can reduce production costs, which could potentially increase profit margins. Modern HMI devices are extremely innovative, capable of higher chapters and more interactive, elaborate functions than e'er earlier. Some technological advantages the HMI offers include converting hardware to software, eliminating the demand for mouse and keyboard, and allowing kinesthetic reckoner/human interaction.

• Advantages of an HMI over a PLC alone

  A PLC on its own cannot provide any real-time feedback, and cannot fix off alarms nor modify the organisation without reprogramming the PLC. The primal advantage to an HMI is its functionality; an HMI can be used for simple tasks such as a java brewing controller, or every bit the sophisticated control unit of a nuclear found. With new HMI designs emerging in the field, we are at present seeing HMIs that offer remote admission, assuasive operators access to the terminal from a distance. Another reward of an HMI is its customizability. The user tin can personalize the user interface for maximum ease-of-use.

• Convenience

  The convenience that comes with an HMI is invaluable, and the functionality achieved by digitizing a system with an HMI is unbeatable. An HMI combines all of the control features typically found throughout the automation line and places them in ane centralized, remotely accessible location, eliminating the need, for example, to run to a red pushbutton to end the product line in instance of an emergency. With remote access, the operator does not need to be nearly the automation line to starting time, stop, or monitor product. The operator can access all the same controls on a centralized unit of measurement in a meaty form. Simplicity is also a big factor in the usability of an HMI. The screens and functions provide for ease-of-use to supervise the automation line.

• Interface Flexibility

  I of the most valuable features of an HMI is the ability to personalize the interface. An HMI can fully back up the most circuitous applications, with multiple screens and several routines running. If the user is looking to program an HMI with something more simplistic, they may write instructions for the controller directly into the HMI. Every HMI comes with unlike features: some may play sound or video, while others offer remote admission control. The pattern of the user interface should exist optimized for specific applications, taking into consideration all the capabilities of the typical user, also as the environmental aspects such as noise, lighting, dust, vision and technological curves.

Basic Types of HMIs

In that location are three basic types of HMIs: the pushbutton replacer, the information handler, and the overseer.

At that place are three basic types of HMIs: the pushbutton replacer, the information handler, and the overseer.

• The Pushbutton Replacer

  Earlier the HMI came into existence, a control might consist of hundreds of pushbuttons and LEDs performing different operations. The pushbutton replacer HMI has streamlined manufacturing processes, centralizing all the functions of each push button into one location. The pushbutton replacer takes the place of LEDs, On/Off buttons, switches, or whatsoever mechanical device that performs a command function. The elimination of these mechanical devices is possible because the HMI provides a visual representation of all these devices on its LCD screen, while performing all the aforementioned functions.

• The Data Handler

  The data handler is perfect for applications requiring abiding feedback from the arrangement, or printouts of the production reports. With the data handler, you must ensure the HMI screen is big plenty to brandish data such every bit graphs, visual representations of information, and production summaries. The information handler includes such functions as recipes, information trending, data logging and warning treatment/logging. The data handler is used for applications that require constant feedback and monitoring. Often these information handlers come equipped with large capacity memories.

• The Overseer

  Anytime an awarding involves SCADA or MES, an overseer HMI is extremely benign. The overseer HMI will virtually likely crave Windows to operate, and have several Ethernet ports. The overseer works with SCADA and MES. These are centralized systems that monitor and control entire sites or complexes of big systems spread out over big areas. An HMI is usually linked to the SCADA system's databases and software programs, to provide trending, diagnostic data, and management information.

Backdrop of an HMI

All HMIs accept a processor, and retentiveness. It is important to make sure that the processor and retention capabilities are sufficient enough to control a given system.

Additional concrete properties of an HMI vary from model to model, application to application, and among manufacturers. An HMI that is located in a water plant might have diverse water seals effectually its perimeter, as opposed to an HMI that is located in a pharmaceutical warehouse which would not require waterproofing.

The size of an HMI is also a key concrete belongings that will vary, because not all applications require a large, high-resolution monitor. Some applications may but require a small, black and white touch screen monitor. When it comes to selecting an HMI, the physical properties are extremely important because one must take into consideration the operating environs, and what rubber measures the HMI needs to protect itself. Also, a specific size may be needed due to space limitations.

How to Select an HMI

An HMI is a substantial buy, so it is of import to know exactly what is required of information technology. HMIs typically perform one of three primary roles: a pushbutton replacer, a data handler, or an overseer. The pushbutton replacer HMI takes the place of LEDs, On/Off buttons, switches, or any mechanical device that performs a control function. The Data Handler is used for applications that require constant feedback and monitoring. Often, these data handlers come equipped with large capacity memories. The overseer works with SCADA and MES, centralized systems that monitor and control unabridged sites or complexes of large systems spread out over large areas. An overseer HMI is commonly linked to the SCADA arrangement's databases and software programs, to provide trending, diagnostic data, and management information.

First consider the other components that are necessary to make a manufacturing control system operate. The production line consists of all the mechanism that performs the work required in the production of the product. Side by side, consider the various input/output sensors that monitor temperature, speed, pressure, weight and feed rate. Third, make up one's mind on the programmable logic controller (PLC) that will receive the data from the input/output sensors, and converts the data into logical combinations.

Select an HMI based on the needs of the organization. HMIs are initially separated by their display size; typically spanning from 4.three" up to fifteen" diagonal. Within these sizes, HMIs are separated by their characteristics, namely their advice capabilities. HMIs with multiple COM and/or Ethernet ports will usually exist more costly, only volition permit for an overseer blazon awarding to be well connected to multiple PLCs. Brand sure that the communication protocol your PLC uses can connect to the HMI by get-go verifying the protocol of the PLC and ensuring it exists on the HMI Communications and Connections Guide.

If you lot have a system that has many very simple and repeatable processes, y'all may not need an HMI with a large memory chapters. In this instance, you can choose an HMI based on size and cull one with the appropriate price signal.

HMI selection tin can be tricky...

We can make information technology easier. Fill out our HMI Application Sheet, and i of our engineers will help you choose the right HMI for your system.

Environmental Considerations for an HMI

The operating surroundings is an of import consideration when selecting an HMI. These might include clean-room safety, h2o-resistance, and more. For instance, HMIs in a warehouse awarding where there may be excessive noise or vibration, one might determine on a heavy-duty HMI with seals to protect confronting the ingress of grit, oils, and other particles. If the HMI will be used in the food processing industry, or in other applications that might crave the unit to be washed down, a h2o-resistant or splash-proof HMI would exist an outstanding choice. I must also consider temperature as a factor in the option process. If used in a steel plant, side by side to a furnace, users should select a unit which tin withstand extreme temperatures.

Which HMI Programming Software to Cull?

HMIs more often than not have their own software through which they are programmed. When selecting an HMI to embed into your system, exist sure that the available advice protocol drivers exist in that HMI Software. If they exercise not, yous volition not be able to connect the HMI with your CPU, and no data will exist transmitted to display.

Wiring an HMI

Wiring an HMI into a arrangement may be an easy task if a PLC is already integrated. This connexion is as simple as connecting a USB/RS-232/RS-485 cable between the HMI and PLC. In some instances, both units are equipped with wireless features, making the connection even easier. Although the wiring between the PLC and HMI may be an piece of cake task, the wiring between the PLC and the actual automation line could prove more difficult. Depending on the size and complexity of the application, PROFIBUS extensions may be required for the PLC. A PROFIBUS extension is like to a ability strip that extends one input/output to multiple input/outputs past connecting to the expansion port of the PLC. A wiring schematic from the product line to the PLC is highly recommended, making programming the HMI significantly faster. For farther information on wiring specific models, delight refer to the spec sheet for that item. For more than helpful information, users can view our instructional videos in the Video Tutorial section of our website.

HMI and PLC

How can a PLC be controlled without ladder logic? How does an HMI supervene upon the standard software a PLC comes with? Ladder logic is simply conditional programming. For case, if input 1 is energized, then coil 1 will be powered. A argument has to exist true for the output to be executed. The same tin be achieved with C programming. However, in gild to plan an HMI to operate a PLC properly, all the registers of the PLC must exist known. A good way to larn how to plan a PLC via an HMI is to first kickoff working with the PLC and the software information technology came with. This helps build an understanding of how to operate the PLC without the HMI. That knowledge will easily transfer over when the user is ready to connect the two units together.

HMI/PLC Combo Units

HMI/PLC combination units are HMIs with an integrated PLC, which removes the need for wiring any communications to these units and makes the installation procedure faster and easier than separate HMI/PLC units. We offer these HMI/PLC combos in a four.3" model (KNC-HMI-HP043-20DT) and a seven" model (KNC-HMI-HP070-33DT).

HMI Applications

HMIs are used throughout various industries including manufacturing plants, vending machines, food and drinkable, pharmaceuticals, and utilities, among many other applications. HMIs, forth with PLCs, are typically the backbone of the product line in these industries. The integration of the HMI into whatsoever manufacturing arrangement tin can vastly better operations. The HMI allows for supervisory control and information conquering in the entire system, so parameter changes are bachelor at the operator'south choosing.

For case

In metals manufacturing, an HMI may allow piece of cake control over how the metal is cut and folded, and the speed at which it is washed.

HMIs are used in bottling processes to control all aspects of the manufacturing line, such as speed, efficiency, mistake detection, and fault correction.

An HMI also offers improved stock control and replenishment, meaning fewer replenishment orders are required of the vendors. Utility companies may employ HMIs to monitor water distribution and waste water treatment.

HMI Troubleshooting

If y'all are experiencing issues with your HMI, nosotros offer several instructional videos which may offer assistance. Delight refer to the Video Tutorials section of our website. For further assistance, please contact our applications engineers.

HMI Glossary

Batch interface:

User interface which receives a "batch" of data and commands from the user in advance, and then outputs the calculations when all the processing is washed

CANopen:

A communication protocol based on the frame-based CAN (Control Area Network) Protocol

Control-Line Interface:

An interface which communicated on-need with a computer operating system or software via typed commands

GUI:

Graphical User Interface; precursor to the HMI; interface allowing a user to communicate on-demand with a system via graphical icons, audio indicators, and more

HMI:

Human Machine Interface; an interactive interface allowing a user to communicate commands to and receive feedback data from a system; capable of on-demand graphical and text-based communication, amid others

LB:

A local bit register is just a 1-bit annals which has been declared within the scope of the plan

LW:

A local word register is a 32-fleck register which has been declared within the scope of the program

Macro:

Macro instructions are an avant-garde bear on screen control method. Macro strengthens the functions of the touch screen, so it has the same logic and arithmetic operations equally the PLC. The use of macros will enable the touch screen to implement many powerful functions that cannot be supported past regular components, perfecting the human-machine interface

Recipe:

A recipe activates data transmission of sequent registers, and supports downloading data from the memory of the recipe card to the PLC, and vice versa

RW:

A recipe word register is a 32-fleck annals that will execute sequentially when activated

TFT:

A sparse picture transistor is an LCD that uses thin picture show transistors technology to ameliorate image quality

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Source: https://www.anaheimautomation.com/manuals/forms/hmi-guide.php

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